2,3 While the cause can be benign, some cases, such as those accompanied by new headache, ocular pain, unilateral pupil dilation, muscle weakness, ptosis, trauma or papilledema, raise red flags for immediate referral. 1 Constant diplopia with acute onset will have different differentials than intermittent diplopia, for example. Swelling and fluid-filled cysts that develop in the retina at the back of the eye can blur or decrease your central vision.A patient presenting with diplopia-whether horizontal, vertical or diagonal-is often a clinical challenge. This causes degeneration of your cornea and could decrease your vision. Recurrent iritis can result in glaucoma, a serious eye condition characterized by increased pressure inside the eye and possible vision loss. Scar tissue can cause the iris to stick to the underlying lens or the cornea, making the pupil irregular in shape and the iris sluggish in its reaction to light. Development of a clouding of the lens of your eye (cataract) is a possible complication, especially if you've had a long period of inflammation. If not treated properly, iritis could lead to: Studies have shown that smoking contributes to your risk. This includes conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis. Have a weakened immune system or an autoimmune disorder.Certain infections, such as syphilis or HIV/AIDS, are linked with a significant risk of iritis. Develop a sexually transmitted infection.People with a specific change in a gene that's essential for healthy immune system function are more likely to develop iritis. Your risk of developing iritis increases if you: Stopping these medications usually stops the iritis symptoms. Rarely, bisphosphonates, used to treat osteoporosis, can cause uveitis. Some drugs, such as the antibiotic rifabutin (Mycobutin) and the antiviral medication cidofovir, that are used to treat HIV infections can be a rare cause of iritis. This autoimmune disease involves the growth of collections of inflammatory cells in areas of your body, including your eyes.
Chronic iritis can develop in children with this condition. An uncommon cause of acute iritis in Western countries, this condition is also characterized by joint problems, mouth sores and genital sores. Diseases include a type of arthritis called ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriatic arthritis. People who develop certain autoimmune diseases because of a gene alteration that affects their immune systems might also develop acute iritis. For instance, they may include toxoplasmosis, an infection most often caused by a parasite in uncooked food histoplasmosis, a lung infection that occurs when you inhale spores of fungus tuberculosis, which happens when bacteria enters the lungs and syphilis, which is caused by the spread of bacteria through sexual contact. Infectious diseases from other viruses and bacteria can also be linked to uveitis. Viral infections on your face, such as cold sores and shingles caused by herpes viruses, can cause iritis. Blunt force trauma, a penetrating injury, or a burn from a chemical or fire can cause acute iritis. In some cases, iritis can be linked to eye trauma, genetic factors or certain diseases. Often, the cause of iritis can't be determined.
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